India's Teesta River Funding: Ambition Or Illusion?

The Ganga Water Treaty in 1996 further underscored the importance of resolving the Teesta issue. However, subsequent negotiations have been unsuccessful.

In 2011, a draft agreement proposed allocating 37.5 percent of the Teesta water to Bangladesh and 42.5 percent to India during the crucial dry season. This agreement was promptly derailed by the objections of Mamata Banerjee , the Chief Minister of West Bengal, showcasing India's internal disarray and lack of regional commitment.

Bangladesh's continuous and urgent pleas for finalizing the long-awaited Teesta river water sharing treaty have been met with India's indifferent and dismissive attitude . Instead of addressing Bangladesh's legitimate concerns , India has chosen to exacerbate the situation by planning to divert the Teesta River through the construction of two additional canals . This reckless move threatens to devastate Bangladeshi agriculture, worsening the water crisis, and heightening regional tensions.

Furthermore, the absence of a Teesta water-sharing treaty has significant adverse impacts on Bangladesh, affecting its economy, agriculture, and overall societal well-being. According to the Washington-based International Food Research Institute (IFPRI) , Bangladesh annually loses about 1.5 million metric tons of Boro rice, or 8.9% of its total rice production, due to water shortages in the Teesta barrage area, with projected declines of 8% by 2030 and 14% by 2050 due to reduced river flow.

Projections indicate that these losses will only worsen, with significant declines in agricultural productivity by 2050 due to reduced river flow. This not only exacerbates poverty and hunger but also destabilizes the rural economy , where agriculture is a primary livelihood.

Forced to confront India's persistent refusal to cooperate, Bangladesh has turned to China, entering into the Teesta River Comprehensive Management and Restoration Project (TRCMRP) . This collaboration, formalized through a memorandum of understanding in 2016 and scheduled for completion by 2025, aims to address the prolonged water crisis caused by India's inaction.

The Teesta River Comprehensive Management and Restoration Project (TRCMRP) addresses Bangladesh's losses by ensuring a reliable water supply for irrigation . The project incorporates flood control and drought management strategies to protect livelihoods and enhance agricultural productivity. It also focuses on developing robust water management infrastructure and building local capacity for sustainable water use.

Additionally, by collaborating with China, the TRCMRP reduces Bangladesh's dependence on India's inconsistent policies , promoting regional cooperation and ensuring long-term economic stability.

India's willingness to fund the TRCMRP is driven by several strategic and geopolitical reasons. Primarily, India aims to counter China's growing influence in Bangladesh, which is seen as part of China's broader Belt and Road Initiative. By financing the TRCMRP, India seeks to maintain its regional dominance and strengthen bilateral relations with Bangladesh, a country critical to its geopolitical interests .

Additionally, India's involvement in the TRCMRP is a strategic move to secure its interests in transboundary water management. By taking a proactive role, India aims to ensure that water-sharing agreements are managed equitably, reducing the risk of water scarcity in its own regions . Moreover, India sees the project as a way to promote sustainable development and environmental management, which aligns with its broader regional objectives .

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Slow disbursement of line of credit as a factor

India's slow disbursement of its $7.362 billion line of credit , with only 20% utilized over 13 years, raises significant doubts about its willingness to fund the Teesta River Comprehensive Management and Restoration Project (TRCMRP). Bureaucratic hurdles and restrictive conditions, such as mandatory sourcing from India , have hampered effective fund utilization.

This track record undermines confidence in India's commitment to the TRCMRP, especially when compared with China's prompt investment proposals. The slow pace and stringent conditions of India's funding approach cast serious doubts on its ability to deliver on promises and effectively manage critical regional projects .

To regain Bangladesh's confidence in its commitment to the Teesta River Comprehensive Management and Restoration Project (TRCMRP), India must address its past shortcomings and take decisive action.

Firstly, India should expedite the finalization of the Teesta water-sharing treaty, demonstrating a genuine commitment to equitable resource management. Additionally, India needs to streamline the disbursement of its line of credit funds, ensuring efficient and transparent processes free of bureaucratic hurdles.

By adopting a proactive and reliable approach, India can strengthen its bilateral relationship with Bangladesh and counterbalance China's growing influence in the region. This involves not only fulfilling financial commitments promptly but also engaging in collaborative and sustainable water management practices that benefit both nations. Such steps are crucial for India to rebuild trust and enhance its strategic position in South Asia.

Md. Jahid-Al-Mamun is a lecturer in the Department of Law at the University of Dhaka. He has a deep interest in the geopolitical dynamics of South Asia and frequently writes about the region's current affairs.