Pip Williams Shows How World War I Transformed Women's Lives, In A New Novel That Captures The 'Poetic Materiality' Of Books

There is an overlap of place and profession, and some shared characters, between the novels. The Dictionary of Lost Words began in the late 19th century and covered several decades. The Bookbinder of Jericho illuminates a key period of history experienced by the characters in the previous book: it spans 1914 and the start of the World War I, finishing in the new world that had begun emerging by 1920.

Review: The Bookbinder of Jericho – Pip Williams (Affirm Press)

Both novels are located in Oxford; both are set within the publishing industry – on the creation and editorship side for Dictionary of Lost Words, and on the production side for The Bookbinder of Jericho. Both are told through the experiences of young women who participate in the book world: the former as daughter of one of the editors of the oxford english dictionary , the latter as a bookbinder for Oxford University Press, which printed the dictionary.

Both novels, therefore, inhabit a world of language, meaning-making and storytelling. And both women are keen social critics, captivated by the nature and the effects of written language.

Read more: book review: the dictionary of lost words by pip williams

Peggy, the eponymous“bookbinder”, lives with her identical twin sister Maude in Jericho, a fringe suburb built on the banks of the canal on the edge of Oxford, prone to flooding and disease. As an industrial area, it was also the location for Oxford University Press, and hence a convenient home for its staff.

Peggy and Maude live on the canal, in a houseboat their mother named“Calliope” after the muse of poetry: appropriate enough, since the boat is crammed with books, manuscripts and sections, all of them products of the literary impulse.

The orphaned daughters of an Oxford scholar (their otherwise unidentified father) and a former bindery girl , they work side by side in the Clarendon Press, doing“women's work”: folding the printed sheets into sections, gathering sections into text blocks, and stitching the blocks before they are bound and sent into the world.

Peggy feels bound herself – to her sister Maude, for whom she has adopted the role of carer. Williams describes Maude, who communicates through echolalia, the repetition of heard fragments, as autistic. As Peggy insists, Maude“wasn't simple, despite what people thought”. Rather, she possesses the ability to focus entirely on what fascinates her. She can fold pages and napkins and birds with a skill approaching art – and though occasionally she forgets what she's folding, and transforms a folio into a fan, Peggy is always ready to fix the problem.

Peggy is also bound by the limitations of her class and gender. Though she's possessed of a fine intellect, her education was very limited, and she can't imagine even being approved to enter the nearby women's college, let alone become a student. She is definitively Town; they are Gown. And as a mere bindery girl, she is considered good enough only to fold printed sheets into what will become a book.

This she finds immensely frustrating, as we see on the first page of the preface.“Scraps”, she says.“That's all I got. Fragments that made no sense without the words before or the words after.” And that is indeed all she gets because, as the forewoman scolds,“Your job is to bind the books, not read them”.

But as a bindery girl, Peggy is skilled at reading“upside down and sideways”, a skill that is both truth and metaphor, since it signals her ability to see from a different point of view. Which she does: her perspective is different from her peers in the Press, from her managers, and from the refugees and wounded soldiers she will support.

A rich cast of characters inhabit the novel. One is Lotte, a Belgian refugee from Louvain, where she was university librarian; she has seen what no one should see. Another is Gwen, an Oxford student who wears her privilege lightly and, with Peggy, works as a volunteer to support the wounded.

Among those is Peggy's love interest Bastiaan, introduced as“the Invisible Man”, who gradually returns, broken and scarred, to himself. And actor and activist suffragette Tilda, who first appeared in the Dictionary of Lost Words, emerges now as the twins'“aunt”, probably their mother's lover. Here she serves as a nurse on the front.

Through the eyes and accounts of each character, a different perspective is offered on the seemingly endless narrative of that war; a perspective that is upside down and sideways, perhaps; a perspective Williams brings to the role of women in this war.

Her women don't remain in the traditional roles of nurse or grieving mother, but are full participants. They have faced the guns, they are on the frontlines trying to keep soldiers alive. On the home front, they are running the factories, rehabilitating the wounded and the traumatised.

But her account can't avoid what we know so well about that catastrophic war: all its pointlessness, all the loss. Toward the end, when Spanish flu had added to the misery, and deaths were multiplying at home as well as on the war front, and Peggy's aspirations to enter university seem to have been quashed, she reflects on the limits of language in the face of such experiences:

That“feeling” runs like a thread from the very first line of the novel to (almost) its end, because her sharp intelligence combined with her illegitimate birth and her poverty add up to a life of thwarted expectations.

Still, she says,“I want more”, but then adds,“Who doesn't?” And sometimes we do get a little more. Peggy's empathy and reflexivity, her capacity to observe closely and to make sense of literature and argument, highlights the“more” that is rapidly approaching for her and other women. The right to vote. Changing social mores and hierarchies. A gradual decolonising of the world and of individuals' minds.

Read more: 'it makes one feel and realise what a dreadful thing war is' – a nurse's story

This is a hopeful story. But for me, despite the excellent crafting of this narrative of social history, what makes it stand out is its unwavering attention to books, and the making of books. Williams beautifully describes the practices and traditions and rituals associated with what was a trade, then a craft, and is now an increasingly arcane art.

Her focus is on the women's side of the business, but it recognises the work of writers, readers, editors, compositors, foundry men, mechanics, press specialists: all the army of experts required in the process of moving from idea to material object.

The materiality of books and of the tools used in their construction is also beautifully depicted. She notes the density of rag paper; the swirl of a typeface; the heft and texture of a bone folder; the feel and aroma of leather binding; the luscious sheen of gold lettering. She notes the sensuality of the work. The gathering of books and sections is done as a kind of dance; and as her posh friend Gwen says,“You smell like a new book, it's positively intoxicating.”

In the author's note at the end of the book, Williams writes of the books that appear in the novel:

And, therefore,“The books play themselves”: they are real-life characters, who work alongside the fictional characters, to craft this story.

If I had to say what I think the novel is about, I could say the first world war, or the struggle for women's rights, or sisterhood. But for me this novel is mostly a paean to the poetic materiality of books. It makes visible the long, slow, skilful labour involved in building a book; it traces the life that book might lead through decades or more of use: of instructing and distracting, entertaining and creating empathy.

Books might be the canvas on which their readers draft their own dreams, their own thoughts, and their own decisions. But, viewed through the eyes of a bookbinder, they become material beings, with their own life cycles, their own physicality – and their own relationships with us, their readers.

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