US Election To Decide Fate Of 70,000 Afghan Refugees

Humanitarian parole must be renewed by a presidential administration every two years, unlike the US refugee admission policy , which gives foreigners who face legitimate fears of returning home the right to get permanent residency in the US.

The Afghan parole program enabled people like Mina Bakhshi – a female rock climber who had no future under the Taliban because of her gender – to enter the US and attend college.

It also helped people like Qasim Rahimi , a journalist in Afghanistan, to flee to safety with his family and settle in Kansas City, Missouri.

About one-third of the Afghan evacuees who came to the US settled in California, Virginia and Texas, while the rest settled in other states . Yet humanitarian parole is not a permanent solution.

While these Afghan people can legally work and attend school in the US, they often face obstacles with getting stable work or even finding a home to rent because they are not permanent residents and do not have Social Security numbers.

Typically, the US government has used humanitarian parole to rescue people from conflicts in which US armed forces are involved, like Vietnam and Ukraine.

People who face serious danger because of conflict or other reasons can also enter the US by applying for and receiving refugee status , but it can take more than a year for it to be granted. Humanitarian parole lets the US government act quickly when it wants to help foreigners come to the country during an emergency.

At the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, for example, the US admitted thousands of Vietnamese, Cambodian and Laotian migrants fleeing their countries.

As then-President Gerald Ford stated in an address to Congress in 1975, providing humanitarian parole to Vietnamese people who supported the US in its war effort in Vietnam was a“profound moral obligation .” In 1977, Congress passed a law that allowed these refugees to permanently settle in the US.

The US also issued humanitarian parole to Hungarian and Cuban refugees who fled communist dictatorships in the 1950s.

More recently, the US granted parole to a group of Haitian orphans following a major earthquake in 2010, and to children from Central America who illegally crossed the border without their parents during the Obama administration.

In 2022, the US government again used humanitarian parole to welcome more than 125,000 Ukrainians fleeing the war in their country.

While Biden issued temporary humanitarian parole to Afghans in 2021 and renewed it in 2023, only Congress has the power to pass an act that would ensure they can legally stay in the country permanently. Yet, a deadlocked Congress has failed to pass legislation to adjust the status of Afghans.

A proposed bipartisan bill in Congress called the Afghan Adjustment Act would allow Afghan parolees to apply for permanent legal status. A coalition of refugee advocates and veterans organizations has championed the Afghan Adjustment Act.

Yet, a handful of Republican lawmakers, led by Senator Chuck Grassley, have opposed the act on national security grounds. They say that vetting procedures for newcomers are not sufficient , which could lead to security risks. Some want a more targeted program that focuses only on Afghans who worked with US troops.

Republican Senator Tom Cotton has proposed another bill that would significantly reduce a president's authority to use humanitarian parole for Afghans or anyone else in the future.

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An Afghan evacuee living in Charlestown, Mass., in February 2022 shows a photo of himself working in Afghanistan as a translator. Photo: Joseph Prezioso / AFP via Getty Images / The ConversationThe election factor

The fate of Afghan parolees will likely be determined by the results of the upcoming election. Should Democratic presidential nominee Kamala Harris win office, I believe she is likely to renew parole for Afghans for at least two more years, as Biden did in 2023 .

Congress may be more likely to pass the Afghan Adjustment Act after the election since it is rare to pass major legislation during an election period.

What Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump might do about Afghans living temporarily in the US is an open question. During Trump's previous presidential term, his administration focused in part on curbing immigration . This included slashing refugee admissions and making it harder to issue US visas to Afghans and Iraqis who worked with the US military.

On the campaign trail, Trump has promised to renew his travel ban on Muslims and to continue to limit immigration to the US. In the meantime, Afghans who fled the Taliban continue to face uncertainty about their future in the US.

Idean Salehyan is professor of political science, University of North Texas

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article .

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