(MENAFN- The Conversation)
More than 5 million people left Ukraine as refugees between Feb. 24 and April 24, 2022, mostly to neighboring countries Poland, Romania, Moldova, Hungary and Slovakia.
American officials, agencies and communities are working to bring Ukrainian refugees into the U.S. , too. But as a scholar of global migration , I believe it's worth bearing in mind that many displaced Ukrainians – both refugees and what are known as“internally displaced persons” who have fled their homes but are still in Ukraine – want to stay close to home so they can go back when the smoke clears.
While Putin's army pummels their homeland , and Ukrainian forces defend it as best they can , many displaced Ukrainian women and young people are not planning to migrate to other countries but are waiting on the sidelines.
That includes Ukrainians like one young woman, Yuliia Kabanets , who has worked professionally with displaced people and is entering a graduate program in the field. Yuliia, now in Lviv, has also been displaced twice herself within Ukraine, once in 2014 when Russia occupied the part of Donetsk where she lived, and during the current war. She wrote an analysis for me about what she's seen there since the beginning of this war. With her trained eye, she offers a fresh understanding of a lesser-known aspect of the conflict: why Ukrainians are staying in, or returning to, the country, often at great risk to themselves and their families:
They are doing their best to support the defenders, and longing for the day they can return to their hometowns. They are staying close to home despite the dangers – and, for some, despite having been displaced more than once.
Ukrainian domestic refugee children from Kharkiv Oblast on Orthodox Easter Holy Saturday, April 23, 2022, sit in front of a house used as a temporary shelter in Nadyby village, where the Greek Catholic church offered shelter for dozens of refugees from around Ukraine. Dominika Zarzycka/NurPhoto via Getty Images Fleeing home, staying in Ukraine
On April 6, 2022, the Ukrainian government began urging civilians to leave the Donetsk and Luhansk regions in eastern Ukraine while it was still possible. Russia's planned offensive to capture that territory was looming.
Parts of Donetsk and Luhansk have been occupied by Russia since 2014. Including people displaced from Russian-annexed Crimea, some 1.46 million Ukrainians were registered as internally displaced people already in 2021.
Today the International Organization for Migration, a United Nations agency, estimates that there are 7.7 million people internally displaced in Ukraine, most coming from the east of Ukraine and the Kyiv region.
In some Ukrainian cities, internally displaced persons comprise a large percentage of the population : 44% of the people in the Luhansk region's city of Severodonetsk, 20% in the Donetsk region city of Mariupol, and 13% of the Kharkiv region city of Izyum.
Those cities have suffered from active hostilities during the two months of the full-scale war. Despite the violence, Yuliia believes she's had relatively good fortune over those months:
Even in longer, more drawn-out conflicts around the world where millions have been displaced, such as Afghanistan and the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo , many people do not leave their home areas, despite great danger.
On Dec. 19, 2014, refugees from the conflict with Russia in eastern Ukraine line up to get humanitarian aid from Poland delivered to their camp in the Ukrainian city of Kharkiv. Sergey Bobok/AFP via Getty Images) 'We are all grateful'
Why do they stay? Speaking of those who have not left the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, despite warnings from the Ukrainian government, Yuliia says:
What about those who leave the country? Do they want to be permanently resettled in countries like the U.S.? Yuliia says Ukrainians are met with the open arms in many countries:
Yuliia thinks that most Ukrainians who have left where they live plan to return soon or after the war. And many Ukrainians are in fact going back home, despite the continuing danger. Since Feb. 28, 2022, 1.7 million Ukrainians have returned to Ukraine, although it is not clear whether their return is permanent. That's because some people may come back for a short time to check on or take things from their apartment. Since April 15, 2022, the number of those returning to Ukraine from Poland has been greater than those going to Poland from Ukraine.
Emotional reasons
People come back for different reasons: lack of available housing or the inconvenience of staying with relatives abroad; the difficulty of finding a job in a new place ; or because they want to be with relatives who remained in Ukraine.
People also return for emotional reasons. Yuliia briefly left Ukraine in March to visit her partner, who was waiting in Poland.
Whatever the reasons, it seems clear that many – perhaps most – want to return to Ukraine from abroad and probably are not looking to migrate further. Inside Ukraine, people return to places that become safer: More and more people are coming back to the relatively safer Kyiv, even though the mayor is asking them to wait.
Certainly there are Ukrainians who would like to be resettled as refugees. But many want to stay at home or return quickly. For those who want to help Ukrainians, this is the reality that they should understand, so their efforts reflect the real needs of people driven from their homes, and who just want to go back.
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