Bytedance Under A Microscope In Tiktok Ban Furor

Grilled by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce in March 2023, TikTok's Singaporean CEO Shou Zi Chew said unequivocally that ByteDance was not“an agent of China or any other country.”

The history of the Chinese government's dealings with private companies suggests something more subtle, however.

Over its century-long history, the Chinese Communist Party has sought to exercise control over all aspects of the country, including its economy. In its early days, this control took the form of a heavy-handed command economy in which everything was produced and consumed according to government planning.

China took a step in a more capitalist direction in the latter half of the 20th century after the death of Mao Zedong, founder of the People's Republic of China. But even the reforms of Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s and 1980s – credited for opening up China's economy – were in the service of party goals.

Because China's economy was in ruins, the party's emphasis was on economic development, and it loosened its grip on power to encourage that. The continuation of party control was still paramount – it just needed to reform the economy to ensure that goal.

That didn't mean the party wanted pluralism. After decades of economic growth, and with a GDP surpassing that of the US when measured by purchasing power parity , the Chinese government once again started to shift its focus to comprehensive control of China.

In recent years, under the increasingly centralized control of Xi Jinping , the Chinese government evidently has opted to run the entire country as a giant corporation , with the ruling party as its management.

Unlike political parties in democracies, which people freely join and leave, the Chinese Communist Party resembles a secret society. To join , you need to be introduced by two party members and tested for an extended period – and then pledge to die for the party's cause. Quitting it also needs approval by the party . Orders are implicit , and protecting one's superior is crucial.

People who don't cooperate face serious consequences. In 2022, an official warned a resident who disobeyed the official's order in Covid testing that three generations of the resident's descendants would be adversely affected if he remained uncooperative.

The same is true of businesses: Ride-sharing company Didi incurred the party's displeasure by listing its stocks in the US, and was harshly punished and forced to delist as a result – losing more than 80% of its value .

Since those who disobey the party are weeded out or are punished and seen to have learned their lessons, all surviving and successful private businesses are party supporters – either voluntarily or otherwise.

The rapid emergence of China Inc has caught even seasoned Chinese entrepreneurs off guard. Consider the case of Sun Dawu , a successful agricultural entrepreneur known for advocating for rural reform and the rights of farmers. That offended the party and, in 2020, authorities confiscated all his assets and sentenced him to 18 years in prison.

Sign up for one of our free newsletters

• The Daily Report Start your day right with Asia Times' top stories
• AT Weekly Report A weekly roundup of Asia Times' most-read stories

As if that weren't enough, China's National Intelligence Law grants broad powers to the country's spy agencies and obligates companies to assist with intelligence efforts. That's why some American lawmakers are concerned that ByteDance could be forced to hand over Americans' private data to the Chinese state.

TikTok denies this is the case. However, recently leaked files of I-Soon, a Chinese hacking firm, reveal that public-private collusion in data sharing is common in China.

That's why I'm not convinced by TikTok's argument that American users' data are safe because they're stored outside of China , in the US, Malaysia and Singapore. I also don't think it's relevant whether the party has members on the ByteDance board or gives explicit orders to TikTok.

Regardless of whether ByteDance has formal ties with the party, there will be the tacit understanding that the management is working for two bosses: the investors of the company and – more importantly – their political overseers who represent the party. But most importantly, when the interests of the two bosses conflict, the party trumps.

As such, as long as ByteDance owns TikTok, I believe ByteDance will use TikTok to support the party – not just for its own business survival, but for the safety of the personnel of ByteDance and TikTok, and their families.

Shaomin Li is a professor of international business at Old Dominion University .

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article .

Already have an account? Sign i Sign up here to comment on Asia Times stories OR

Thank you for registering!

An account was already registered with this email. Please check your inbox for an authentication link.