How China Plans To Rule The World In AI

However, China seems clear-eyed about its abilities; it acknowledges the areas in which it must improve. The PRC observed that despite China's achievements in the areas listed, there is still a gap between
China's“overall level of development of AI” in comparison to other developed countries specifically concerned about achieving major original results in areas such as basic theory, core algorithms, key equipment, high-end chips, and more.

China looks to address these and other areas through urgently improving basic infrastructure, policies, regulations, and standards systems.

In achieving its AI plans, China is not risking being haphazard in its approach, throwing its resources at everything and everywhere. Instead, the PRC looks to be opportunistic and utilizing-maximizing. According to the NGAIDP, China will“accurately grasp the global development trends of AI, find the correct openings for breakthroughs and directions for the main thrust.”

The PRC plans to
monitor global AI developments through studies that evaluate general trends and R&D efforts that proactively explore key frontier domains in AI development. By capitalizing on opportunities revealed in crucial areas by trendwatching, China hopes to lead the world by setting the trend itself.

A recurring word in China's AI policy documents is“first-mover advantage.” This is indicative of the PRC's intent to drive novel discovery and application of AI systems. To realize this, the Ministry of Education released the Artificial Intelligence Action Plan for Institutions of Higher Education (Action Plan) in 2018. The Action Plan stated the following as one of its purposes:“that China can gain a first-mover advantage in the development of artificial intelligence.”

The implication of this is that China preconceives that certain benefits of AI will only accrue to first-movers and it works towards realizing these.

Money, they say, makes the world go around. AI is no exception and China understands this. The NGAIDP notes that China will“fully use existing finances, bases and other such stored resources, comprehensively plan the allocation of international and domestic innovation resources.”

The PRC intends to allow inputs from its financial administration experts to inform its use of policy incentives, aiming at achieving the most optimal allocations of its resources for pursuing innovation on a global scale.

Therefore, to realize its vision of being a global science and technology power, China is prioritizing a conscientious allocation of its financial and other resources in its domestic and international policies.

During budget cuts in many countries, funding for basic science is usually an area that is negatively impacted because the returns are often not immediately apparent or readily applicable. However, China has identified this area as a critical area that will inform its capacity to develop world-leading AI systems and drive its economic ascent to global power.

The NGAIDP states that“by 2025, China will achieve major breakthroughs in basic theories for AI, such that some technologies and applications achieve a world-leading level and AI becomes the main driving force for China's industrial upgrading and economic transformation.”

The Action Plan also expresses China's ambition to move the field of new-generation AI forward, stating that it will“make a number of original achievements of international significance” and“demonstrate a world-class level in some theoretical research, innovative technology, and application.”

By achieving groundbreaking progress in new-generation AI theory and technology systems, China hopes to contribute to AI applications in fields such as intelligent manufacturing, intelligent medicine and national defense construction, all of which it expects will greatly expand and strengthen its economy.

And the results are already starting to come in. Since 2020,
China has led the world in the number of AI publications , and as of 2022,
China has filed the highest number of AI patents . These results are also aided by China's
expanding domestic market and AI-promoting privacy-weak regulations .

China hopes that the cumulative effects of its theoretical and technological breakthroughs in AI will be increased influence in global markets. The NGAIDP predicted that China will achieve“world-leading levels” in AI theories, technologies, and applications by 2030, making it the
“world's primary AI innovation center.”

The PRC hopes that producing tangible results from the application of AI in intelligent economy and society arrangements will build a solid foundation to catapult it to a position of economic power among innovative nations in global markets. In addition to this, China is determined to actively support its domestic AI enterprises and brands to attain a global leading status and facilitate international cooperation with top foreign AI enterprises and research institutes.

The“Internet+” Artificial Intelligence Three-Year Action and Implementation Plan (Internet+ Plan) detailed China's plan to

Finally, China hopes to expand its influence on AI developments internationally by partnering with fellow member countries in
BRICS
as well as through its
“One Belt, One Road” initiative
– a foreign policy strategy to increase its global footprints through financing infrastructural, trade, and investment projects around the world – while also obtaining foreign AI investments in research and development.

Talent is a critical element and resource for AI developments and China recognizes this in its plan for global influence in AI. This is especially important given
China's increasing brain drain
of scientific and technological talents, many of whom are leaving the country because of undemocratic political and social conditions.

The NGAIDP details how China seeks to address what it considers a strategic weakness in its AI plans. By prioritizing the“construction of a high-end talent team” the PRC seeks to build a talent base both by improving its AI education system and by hunting for the“world's top talent and young talent.”

It looks to achieve this through establishing personnel training centers, undertaking research collaborations with the world's top AI research institutions, getting technical advice from international top AI talents, supportinf academic exchange overseas and technical exchanges as well as using talent schemess such as the“Thousand Talents” plan.

The Action Plan notes that“by 2030, colleges and universities will become the main force behind building the world's main AI innovation centers and will lead the development of a new generation AI talent pool to provide China with the scientific and technological support and guaranteed talent to put it at the forefront of innovation-oriented countries.”

In light of this, institutions of higher education are encouraged to adapt their curricula to be responsive to cutting-edge developments in global science and technology, create additional AI-related majors that address industrial demand nationally and regionally, cross-integrate professional education for AI with other disciplines and create world-class teaching materials.

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Influencing global standards and governance

China is no longer content to take directions and follow the rules on AI made by its Western counterparts. Instead, it now longs to be actively involved in participating and even leading the formulation of international standards on AI.

The PRC noted in the NGAIDP that it will take a more active part in the global governance of AI. China looks to focus on studying major problems common to the international community, such as robot alienation and safety supervision, and improve its collaboration with other countries to develop AI laws, regulations, and international rules to“jointly cope with global challenges.”

The PRC hopes to support its homegrown AI enterprises to participate or lead in the development of technical standards internationally, even as they promote their AI products and services overseas. The Action Plan also documents the role of China's education plan in influencing international standards and regulations.

By encouraging Chinese scholars to occupy influential positions in international academic organizations and supporting them as they actively take part in drafting international AI regulations, the PRC believes it can influence many international AI spaces with Chinese initiatives and standards.

Finally, the Internet+ Plan expressed China's plan to support its relevant departments, research institutions, standardization organizations, industry organizations, and enterprises to be actively involved in setting international AI standards, working with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) among others, to put in place mechanisms for standards exchange and cooperation.

The PRC did not mince words about its intent for doing all of that:“We will promote the export of Chinese AI standards to the wider world and continuously enhance our international clout.” Obviously, China is going all out to rewrite the rules.

Olajide Olugbade is a doctoral researcher of science and technology policy with a minor in international affairs at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta.

His research interests include the global dynamics of AI policymaking, ethics and governance of emerging technologies, politics of innovation, and innovation ecosystems. He can be contacted at ... .

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