There's a way for modern medicine to cure diseases even when the treatments aren't profitable

(MENAFN- The Conversation) Strides in medicine have contributed to adramatic increase in life expectancyover the last century. Diseases likeHIVandcervical cancerthat were essentially death sentences as recently as 30 years ago can now be managed with access to prescription drugs and surgical procedures.

Yet previously unknown or undiagnosed diseases and conditions continue to appear. And there are few to no effective treatments for many diseases and conditions.

Especially when the people susceptible to those illnesses tend to below-income , thecostlyfight to find cures and develop vaccines for those diseases are unlikely to beprofitable .

That is why I believe nonprofits have a vital role to play in funding these endeavors.

The research I have engaged in for most of my career as amedicinal chemisthas been focused on drug discovery. Much of these efforts have been aimed at treatingcancerandcardiovascular disease .

More innovation is required for the development of new drugs that can, to name two examples, keepmalariaanddengue feverat bay.

Unfortunately, despite the desperate need for drugs for other illnesses that mostly afflict the poor, most drugmakers are notpursuing new methods for treating them . That is, there is no ' moonshot ' aimed at curing and preventing these illnesses being funded by the private sector.

And while federal agencies like the National Institutes of Health do provide funding for the study ofinfectious diseases and neurological disorders , neither have adequate funding.

The problem is thatprivate companies are largely obligated to maximize their profitsno matter what they produce. It therefore seems unreasonable to expect drug companies to work in areas that they suspect will not earn any money in the long run, if ever.

Let's say the president of Pfizer were to announce tomorrow that the company is going to invest heavily ineradicating malaria . They would likely be nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. However, the company might immediately start looking for a new top executive since eradicating malaria would easily cost Pfizer more than it could possibly recoup in sales.

A 2016 report by theTufts Center for the Study of Drug Developmentestimated the cost of developing an FDA-approved prescription drug is US$1.4 billion. Production, shipping or any type of sales cost even more.

Meanwhile, those at the greatest risk of contracting malaria live in countries where theaverage annual income can be less than $1,000 . The prospects of being able to recover even a small fraction of that investment areextremely slim .

Before you dismiss this as a problem unlikely to affect your own well-being, consider the health risks posed byantibiotic resistance .

The development of bacterial resistance to common drugs likeamoxicillin ,azithromycinand other similar drugs has given rise to the discovery of other drugs such asvancomycinandmethicillin . However, new strains of bacteria have come along that areresistant to even these last lines of defense .

Modern medicine has no known treatments against these so-called 'superbugs.'

Absent new drugs to treat such infections, a person who gets a scratch that becomes infected could be at risk of dying.

With that in mind, there is a clear need for new antibiotic drug discovery. Yetvirtually all drugmakers have moved away from this line of businessfor one obvious reason.

If a new drug were identified tomorrow, it would obviously be held out as the newlast line of resistancefor the treatment of bacterial infections. How could a company justify spending the requisite $1.4 billion to develop a drug that would only be used as a drug of last resort?

If, say, 1,000 patients needed the drug in a given year, could a company realistically expect each patient over 10 years to pay $140,000 just to recover the initial cost of the discovery? Of course not. But it might make sense for nonprofits to do this if that's their mission.

There are nonprofits who engage in drug discovery for these neglected diseases. One good example isMedicines for Malaria Venture , a group of scientists based in Switzerland dedicated to reducing the burden of malaria on a global scale.

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation ,OneWorld Health , theWorking Group on New Tuberculosis Drugsand theMilken Institute Center for Public Healthare among the best-known organizations working to realize these important goalswithout being subjected to stockholder pressure .

These efforts have given rise tonearly a dozen new approved drugs to treat malaria , and they have made progress toward creating vaccines that might stem the spread of diseases likeEbolaandZika .

TheTB Allianceis an international nonprofit dedicated to the discovery, development and delivery of better, faster-acting and affordable tuberculosis drugs that are available tothose who need them .

With support from theGates Foundationand government agencies from around the world, the alliance gained FDA approval forpretomanid , its new drug that can treat multidrug-resistant TB, which an estimated600,000 people develop every year .

What I found to be especially noteworthy is that the alliance facilitated and funded the efforts that resulted in a new lifesaving treatment without creating its own lab. Instead, it coordinated the efforts of other researchers already conducting TB investigations in many countries.

The continued support by government agencies, private donors and nonprofits of these ventures could prove paramount to the survival of the human species. While their continued funding is clearly needed to provide these critical medicines, all of us are fortunate to have organizations such as this working for the betterment of mankind.

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Pharmaceuticals
Malaria
Dengue fever
Tuberculosis
Tropical diseases
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Ebola
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Zika
Chagas disease
Leishmaniasis
Nonprofits
Philanthropy and nonprofits
Drug-resistant TB
Schistosomiasis
World Health Organization

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