(MENAFN- Asia Times)
The Chinese government has a new ally when it comes to pushing its official line on Taiwan: celebrities.
Tension over the status of the island, which is claimed by Beijing as part of its“ , has been exacerbated by a series of recent incidents, including a high-profile visit to the island by US House speaker Nancy Pelosi and suggesting the US would be prepared to defend Taiwan“militarily.”
It has led to an , who have accused the US of violating its long-standing commitment to abide by its One China policy. But it has also seen a aimed at getting the message of unification to the Chinese and Taiwanese public.
As , we have noted how the highly contentious series of events not only reshaped the regional dynamics around Taiwan but also permeated into popular culture in China – with celebrities being utilized to circulate One China messaging to fans and social media followers.
It forms part of a wider trend that we have researched and forms the basis of a forthcoming article published in China Quarterly on Chinese celebrities' political signaling. By our analysis, 85% of the top 218 celebrities in China reposted official government messages on their social media account at least once over a six-month period we observed in the second half of 2021.
The power of Weibo
This phenomenon has continued into 2022 and was seen during and after the Pelosi visit. On Aug. 2, the day that the , the state media outlet China Central Television, or CCTV, on Weibo, a Chinese-owned Twitter-like social media platform, with the message“there is only one China in the World.”
Since originally being posted, the 'One China' message has been promoted by Chinese celebrities. Image:
Within hours, Chinese celebrities started to repost this message to their extensive networks of followers. Those doing so , a 41-year-old popular TV host and actress with 128 million followers on Weibo, and , a 22-year-old singer, dancer and actor ranked the No.1 celebrity in .
Likewise, Taiwan celebrities such as and also retweeted this message, though about a day later.
Taiwan celebrities who reposted the message were lauded by Chinese media and fans for taking a clear political stance. An quoted an online fan's praise for Taiwan celebrities who reposted the One China message:“Well done! Daring to show support at this moment must be sincere.”
One celebrity news outlet went as far to post an article that who reposted“One China” and praised them for“fulfilling the responsibility to voice political support.”
The article also listed 11 Taiwan celebrities who did not retweet the One China message, suggesting that fans will judge them accordingly.
Indeed, celebrities who did not repost the message were called out for their silence, with fans demanding that they show support for the government. Hebe Tien, a well-known Taiwan singer with 13 million followers on Weibo, was among those targeted by angry Chinese fans and media for not reposting the One China message.
Posts get political
Chinese celebrities haven't always been so politically active on social media when it comes to issues like Taiwan.
Actors, singers and TV personalities use Weibo, which came into existence in 2009 and has , to share snippets about their personal lives, promote work, endorse commercial products and connect with fans. But until the mid-2010s, they rarely engaged in politics.
But since the in 2017, more and more celebrities have used their accounts to repost official state messages. This is especially true on important political anniversaries, such as the founding of the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Republic of China.
For instance, on July 1, 2021, Yang Mi, an actress with 112 million followers on Weibo, reposted CCTV's quotation from Xi marking the centennial of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party:“When a people have ideals, their country will have strength, and their nation will have a bright future.”
These celebrity reposts often receive hundreds of thousands of user engagements, including reposts, comments and likes.
This effectively promotes official messages to an exponentially larger social media network. CCTV's Weibo account, which sent out the One China message to coincide with Pelosi's visit, has 130 million followers. Xie Na, a leading pro-Beijing celebrity, alone has 128 million followers – and she is one of many who reposted the message.
Chinese celebrity Xie Na believes in the 'One China' policy. Image: Weibo
As we argue in our forthcoming article“Chinese Celebrities' Political Signaling on Weibo,” Chinese celebrities started to repost official messages when it became important for their career prospects to do so.
As the entertainment industry , the Chinese government began to to regulate and control celebrities, their cultural products, media platforms, fan groups and professional associations.
Calling out 'tainted artists'
In 2014, the issued a to require all broadcasting platforms to block“tainted artists” – celebrities who engage in illegal behavior or actions deemed by the government to be problematic, such as drug use, prostitution, tax evasion, extramarital affairs and political incorrectness.
This last category includes supporting Hong Kong or Taiwan independence. Since then, the phrase“tainted artists” has entered public discourse and is used by people online to criticize celebrities.
Under tightening political control, Chinese celebrities have fostered what scholars Jian Xu and Ling Yang have described as“ .” In other words, Chinese celebrities see pleasing the state as an effective way to reach a market.
Celebrities endorsed by the state are offered rare opportunities to perform on state television, star in state-sponsored and , serve and .
As such, celebrities have strong incentives to satisfy state demands in pursuit of career, fame and wealth. It is important to acknowledge also that some celebrities may sincerely support the government and want to promote its policies.
Either way, the majority of celebrities on Weibo are echoing government positions such as the One China message.
Military helicopters carrying large Taiwan flags do a flyby rehearsal on October 5, 2021, ahead of National Day celebrations amid escalating tensions between Taipei and Beijing. Photo: AFP / Ceng Shou Yi / NurPhoto
Our analysis found that just 15% of the top 218 celebrities – a list we compiled by reviewing both the Forbes China Celebrities Annual List from 2004 to 2020 and the size of online following – failed to repost any official government message in the six months we analyzed from June to November 2021.
Among those who reposted, the frequency of reposts varied from just one to 33 times during the six months.
Our analysis found that younger celebrities with more followers tend to repost official messages more. This finding challenges the conventional wisdom that young people tend to be more politically critical and rebellious.
It also chimes with a of Chinese public opinion that found that the Xi generation – those who came of age in the past decade – are more oriented toward authoritarianism than preceding generations.
Legitimizing state positions
The reposting of official state messages by celebrities could have far-reaching ramifications.
When politically sensitive events occur, Chinese citizens often go to celebrities' Weibo accounts to discern their stance. On the issue of Taiwan, the heightened nationalist sentiments seemingly prompted users to monitor celebrities and expect them to express support for the Chinese government.
Moreover, the reposting of official messages by celebrities serves to transform popular culture into a key instrument by which the Chinese government can legitimize its position on sensitive issues.
is Assistant Professor of Political Science, and is Associate Professor of Chinese Studies,
This article is republished from under a Creative Commons license. Read the .
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