The Union Cabinet has cleared a major scheme under the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research to infuse ₹2,277.397 crore into capacity building and human resource development in science and technology over the 2021–22 to 2025–26 span.

The“Capacity Building and Human Resource Development” scheme will be implemented by CSIR and will extend support to research and development institutions, national laboratories, Institutes of National Importance, Institutes of Eminence and universities across the country. It aims to nurture talent in fields spanning science, technology, engineering, medicine and mathematics.

Officials describe the initiative as a strategic instrument to shore up India's research ecosystem. It offers four sub-programmes: doctoral and postdoctoral fellowships; an extramural research scheme including Emeritus and Bhatnagar Fellowships; awards for scientific excellence; and grants to promote travel and symposia.

Science and Technology Minister Jitendra Singh stated that the scheme will“strengthen the research and development ecosystem by training researchers, nurturing scientific talent and promoting innovation to build a future-ready India.” Under this plan, promising scientists will receive institutional support through mentoring, infrastructure access and networking opportunities.

The government places renewed emphasis on bridging gaps in the researcher base. India currently ranks 39th in the Global Innovation Index, and the authorities expect the new scheme to push that further upward. Higher numbers of researchers per million population, more publications, and stronger institutional linkages are cited as expected outcomes.

Within CSIR, the umbrella programme is designed to consolidate scattered efforts and reduce duplication. Many laboratories and institutes already run fellowships or grant schemes; under CBHRD, these are to be aligned, coordinated and accelerated. CSIR is now in its 84th year of operation and oversees the umbrella scheme.

One critical ambition is to stem brain drain, particularly among early-stage researchers. The fellowship provisions and funding for travel and international collaboration are meant to give Indian-based scientists incentives to stay. Experts in the policy space note that merit, institutional support and continuity of funding will be decisive in preventing talent outflow.

A potential challenge lies in implementation. Institutions in more remote or underserved regions may lack existing capacity in infrastructure or mentoring frameworks. Ensuring equitable distribution of resources will test administrative agility. Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms will be crucial to track how funds are deployed and whether intended outcomes are achieved.

Beyond the scheme, India is deploying complementary initiatives. For example, the National Quantum Mission-approved earlier-allocates over ₹6,000 crore to develop quantum technology capabilities from 2023 to 2031. This too hinges on a pool of highly qualified researchers and labs equipped for frontier science.

The CBHRD scheme also dovetails with India's Sustainable Development Goals in science and technology, aiming to boost research intensity and capacity across states and institutions. Coordinated investments and policy coherence may drive systemic transformation in the scientific sector.

Critics caution that past announcements in the research domain often fall short in sustaining funding beyond initial phases. Long-term maintenance, recurring costs, infrastructure upkeep and human capital churn are likely stress points. The success of this scheme will depend on consistent funding flows, institutional accountability, and adaptability.

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