(MENAFN) Chinese Premier Li Qiang has unveiled plans for a massive hydroelectric dam on the Tibetan Plateau, which Chinese media say will become the world’s largest. The dam, located along the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River—known downstream as the Brahmaputra—has raised alarm in neighboring countries, particularly India and Bangladesh, over concerns about water flow and environmental risks.

Speaking on July 19, Li attempted to ease regional worries, asserting that the $167 billion project will promote environmental protection and regional development. However, Indian officials remain wary. Arunachal Pradesh’s Chief Minister, Pema Khandu, called the dam a “ticking water bomb” and warned of its potential impact on the region.

Simultaneously, water disputes are also heating up between India and Pakistan. In response to a deadly terrorist attack in Kashmir’s Pahalgam region in April, India suspended the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) with Pakistan. Islamabad retaliated by suspending the 1972 Simla Agreement, calling India’s action an “act of war.”

The IWT, brokered by the World Bank, governs water sharing between the two nations. It allocates the western rivers—Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab—to Pakistan, and the eastern rivers—Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—to India. While India is allowed limited use of the western rivers, it cannot store or divert large volumes.

Now, New Delhi is reportedly considering a major water diversion plan to transfer excess water from Jammu and Kashmir to states like Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan. This includes a proposed 113-km canal, prompting strong objections from both Pakistan and regional political groups in Kashmir and Punjab.

Experts warn that the plan could spark new interstate conflicts and escalate regional tensions. Defense analyst and former Indian Army officer Pravin Sawhney emphasized that Pakistan would view any breach of the IWT as an act of war—one India would struggle to win, especially given China and Pakistan’s close alliance.

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