China Yes, But Not At Any Price

Trade between Costa Rica and China has grown steadily since the Free Trade Agreement came into force. Today, China is a key supplier of t ec hnology, machinery, and consumer goods, while Costa Rica exports coffee, pineapple, chocolate, medical devices, and other high‐value products. This relationship is important for the national economy, but it must not become a dependency.

When a country concentrates its imports on a single partner, it increases its economic and political vulnerability. Diversification is not merely a technical recommendation; it is a strategy for sovereignty. Neighboring countries such as El Salvador have managed to balance their commercial relationships by expanding suppliers and strengthening local industries. Costa Rica can-and should-move in the same direction.

Bilateral trade offers clear benefits: access to strategic goods, opportunities for local industries, and new markets for Costa Rican products. However, it also presents risks that require attention. The variable quality of some imports can affect consumer health and confidence. Economic dependence limits national autonomy. And when imported goods displace what Costa Rica could produce domestically, innovation and business creation are weakened.

Costa Rica has the capacity to replace part of what it currently imports from China. Sectors such as toys, school supplies, household utensils, textiles, and premium processed foods can be developed locally with strong quality standards and distinctive design. At the same time, products such as gourmet coffee, organic pineapple, chocolate, and artisanal goods can strengthen the trade balance and project national identity in international markets.

The strategy must be designed across three time horizons. In the short term, diversify suppliers and reinforce quality controls. In the medium term, promote innovation and replace low‐quality imports with national production. In the long term, build a competitive and sustainable industrial base capable of exporting high‐value products and protecting economic sovereignty.

Trade with China offers real opportunities, but Costa Rica does not need to choose between China and the rest of the world. The real choice is between dependence and autonomy. Diversifying, innovating, and strengthening local production is the path toward a solid and sovereign economic future.

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