Global Emissions Reach Record High Amid Widening Gap Between Climate Policy Ambition And Implementation
The OECD Climate Action Monitor 2025
“The benefits of climate action for our ecosystems, societies and economies are significant, including greater resilience to climate risks.” OECD secretary-general Mathias Cormann said.“Realising these benefits will require countries to step up efforts towards meeting their commitments, and select an ambitious, appropriate policy mix reflecting their unique circumstances and climate objectives.”
Sectoral patterns underline the challenge. Electricity and heat production and transport remain the largest sources of emissions. Since 2015, OECD countries have reduced emissions mainly in power generation and industry, while transport emissions have not declined. Partner countries' emissions also rose, driven by strong economic growth and continued reliance on fossil fuels.
Although 114 countries and the European Union have adopted net-zero targets, only 30 countries and the EU – representing 17.7 percent of global emissions – have enshrined them in law. Without stronger legal frameworks, accelerated implementation and better policy coherence, existing commitments will fall short of the Paris Agreement temperature goals. To align with the Paris Agreement's temperature goals, global emissions would need to fall by 39–63 percent from 2023 levels by 2035.
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