U.S. Plans to Deploy Nuclear Reactor on Moon by 2030

(MENAFN) As the global space race heats up, the United States is aiming for a groundbreaking achievement: deploying a nuclear reactor on the moon by 2030. This ambitious project is set to redefine lunar exploration by providing dependable energy crucial for permanent bases, scientific endeavors, and future crewed trips to Mars.

NASA officials emphasize that the initiative represents a critical leap toward establishing a sustainable human presence beyond Earth.

“The NASA announcement of a lunar reactor by 2030 is a welcome step. For decades, we have lacked exactly this kind of clear, deadline-driven target. It is especially encouraging that the directive focuses on power, because without abundant, sustained power, everything else in space is temporary,” said Bhavya Lal, NASA’s former associate administrator for technology, policy and strategy, speaking to media.

This move comes against a backdrop of intense competition as China and Russia also race to build nuclear power capabilities on the moon. Experts warn the plan faces significant technical, safety, and geopolitical hurdles amid expanding off-world rivalries.

The Critical Role of Nuclear Energy on the Moon
Solar power has traditionally fueled satellites, space stations, and lunar landers. However, the moon’s 28-day day-night cycle poses a challenge: two weeks of darkness where solar panels provide no energy, making them unreliable as a sole power source.

A nuclear reactor offers a continuous power supply anywhere on the lunar surface, explained Simeon Barber, a research scientist at The Open University.

“Solar panels only generate power when the sun is shining. On the moon, the night-time lasts for around 14 Earth days, so another energy source is needed to keep equipment – and astronauts – warm and safe through the lunar night.”

Volcanologist Lionel Wilson highlighted the risks of relying solely on solar power, calling the reactor a “very good idea.” He broke it down simply: “You get 14 days of free electricity if you have lots of solar panels. But then you get 14 days of no sunlight … and if anything goes wrong with storage systems, you get very cold, very fast. Temperatures can fall to about minus 173C (minus 279F).”

With the 2030 deadline looming, NASA’s lunar reactor project signals a decisive shift toward permanent off-Earth infrastructure, a crucial foundation for humanity’s future space exploration ambitions.

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