(MENAFN- AzerNews)
By Adkhamjon Janobiddinov
Renowned as“The Sword of Islam”, the military genius and the
founder of the Timurid Empire, Amir Temur, was born on April 9,
1336, in the ancient city of Kesh.
His mother was Tegunabegim, and his father was Amir Taragay.
Actually,“timur/damir” stand for“Iron” in Turkic languages. Not
much information is available today about Temur's childhood,
however, famous Arab philosopher Ibn Khaldun said that Amir Temur
was fluent in Arabic, Turkic, and Persian languages and was aware
of many various sciences when he was young.
He is described as an intelligent man and also a great lover of
art, including architecture and gardening. He loved to play chess,
and also invented a more elaborate form of the game where twice the
standard numbers of pieces are used on a board consisting of 110
squares. Nowadays, we call the game Tamerlane Chess.
Historians divide Amir Temur's life into two parts.
Finishing the dominance of Mongols in Central Asia and building
his empire, making Samarkand the capital of the empire.
His military campaigns to other countries. He built a big empire
that bordered China to the East, the Mediterranean Sea to the West,
and India to the South.
During his rule, he kept the caravan routes safe and let foreign
and local merchants sell their goods without any danger or
pressure. Furthermore, he ordered to build defense walls and water
reservoirs, and open markets across the empire. Mosques, madrasahs,
and other constructions that were built during his era still exist
in ancient cities like Samarkand and Shakhrisabz.
One of them is Bibikhanum Mosque. Once it was the biggest mosque
in the world. The construction of the mosque started in 1399 after
Amir Temur's successful campaign to India and was completed in
1404. The most talented painters, architects, and craftsmen were
brought to Samarkand from all over the Timurid Empire to build this
enormous mosque called in the honor of his wife Bibikhanum.
Many historians say that Amir Temur respected and supported
scientists. He even wrote a book called“Temur Tuzuklari (Rules)”.
Famous French historian L. Lyangle wrote that his opinion about
Amir Temur had changed a lot after reading his book in French and
realizing that Temur was a very wise person, a great commander. He
considers the book a great heritage for Temur's generations.
When it comes to his relations with European countries, he had
good diplomatic relations with them, letters from French and
English kings could be evidence of it. Notes of Gonzales de
Clavijo, Ambassador of Henry III to the Timurid Empire, speak about
Samarkand and diplomatic relations between the two states. Many
people believe that he played an important role in the development
of European countries.
Amir Temur died in 1405 in Utrar during his campaign to China
and he was buried in Samarkand. After his death, his sons came to
power. Today, Amir Temur is the symbol of braveness and justice for
many people and his heritage still fascinates the world!
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