By late November, the air in Kashmir feels thick. A smoky layer settles over the valley and makes every breath a little harder. Winter steps in with sharp cold and a level of pollution that puts real pressure on the lungs.

Families burn firewood through the night to stay warm. Kangris glow under pherans. Bukharis sit in the centre of living rooms. These are old habits shaped by geography, culture, and necessity. Power cuts remain common in many areas, and people rely on whatever heat source they can afford.

The smoke that rises from thousands of homes drifts slowly and collects above the streets. Instead of rising and breaking, it hangs low because the winter air traps it close to the ground.

By early December, Srinagar wakes up under a brownish haze. It settles over Dal Lake, across bridges, and inside busy lanes. Morning walkers notice it first. Many start coughing during their routine strolls.

Traffic adds another smoky layer and keeps building through the day. Brick kilns and small industrial units outside the city continue operating through winter. Each source adds to the air that Kashmiris must breathe.

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