Titan Mining Announces Strong Kilbourne Graphite Project Economics And Expanded U.S EXIM Support To Accelerate U.S. Graphite Independence
| Operational Parameters | Value |
| LOM (Life of Mine) | 13 years |
| Nominal annual processing rate | ~1.39 M tonnes |
| Stripping ratio (LOM) | 2.15:1 |
| Average grade (LOM) | 2.84% Cg |
| Average graphite recovery | ~90% |
| Average annual graphite concentrate & value-added production (LOM) | 37,438 tonnes |
Table 2: Economic Highlights of the Kilbourne Project Study
| Economic Highlights | Value |
| Pre-tax NPV (7% discount rate) | $581 M |
| After-tax NPV (7% discount rate) | $513 M |
| Pre-tax IRR | 38.9% |
| After-tax IRR | 37.0% |
| Pre-tax payback | 2.66 years |
| After-tax payback | 2.69 years |
| Initial CAPEX | $156 M |
| Expansion CAPEX | $176 M |
| Sustaining CAPEX | $100 M |
| LOM OPEX | $886 M |
| Annual OPEX | $68 M (avg.) |
| OPEX per tonne of salable products: | |
| STD Purity Flake Concentrate | $990 |
| STD Purity Micronized Flake Grades | $1,197 |
| High Purity Micronized Flake Grades | $2,233 |
| CSPG Anode Grades | $3,612 |
| Avg. EBITDA | $125M |
The Project's post-tax IRR includes the estimated effects of Advanced Manufacturing Tax Credits provided under U.S. Internal Revenue Code Section 45X for qualifying anode active material and critical mineral production.
Table 3: Commodity Input Pricing
| Products | Weighted Average Sale Price ($/tonne) |
| STD Purity Flake Concentrate (95.0% LOI MIN) | 1,575 |
| STD Purity Micronized Flake Grades (95.0% LOI MIN) | 3,770 |
| High Purity Micronized Flake Grades (99.9% LOI MIN) | 5,185 |
| CSPG Anode Grades (99.95% LOI MIN) - commencing year 5 | 11,193 |
Pricing assumptions for the Kilbourne Graphite Study are based on North American regional prices, which are higher than global average sales prices (ASP) due to supply chain premiums for non-Chinese material. The Kilbourne Project Study takes into account these premiums for all planned upstream and downstream grades. The FOB Port pricing data is sourced from quarterly reports developed by Lone Star Tech Minerals-USA, based on data points from a wide range of contacts across various markets.
Table 4: Initial, expansion and sustaining capital costs
| Project Area | Total ($K) | Initial costs ($K) | Expansion Costs ($K) | Sustaining Costs ($K) | ||||
| Open Pit Mine | 41,641 | - | - | 41,641 | ||||
| Site Infrastructure and TMF | 46,150 | 27,241 | - | 18,909 | ||||
| Concentrate Plant | 115,922 | 72,610 | - | 43,312 | ||||
| Micronization Plant | 22,362 | 11,497 | 10,865 | - | ||||
| Purification Plant | 13,311 | 5,291 | 8,020 | - | ||||
| CSPG Plant | 99,477 | - | 99,477 | - | ||||
| Closure and Salvage | (4,065 | ) | - | - | (4,065 | ) | ||
| Direct costs | 334,799 | 116,639 | 118,362 | 99,798 | ||||
| Owner's Cost and indirects | 49,939 | 15,792 | 33,900 | 247 | ||||
| Contingency | 47,000 | 23,328 | 23,672 | - | ||||
| Total | 431,738 | 155,759 | 175,934 | 100,045 | ||||
The capital expenditure estimate for the Kilbourne Project Study is based on a scoping-level engineering assessment. Direct costs cover the supply and installation of equipment, including the associated direct installation workforce, as well as costs of buildings and site preparation. Indirect costs include expenses not directly involved in process operations, such as engineering, procurement and construction management services, development studies, legal fees, other temporary contractor services and fees. Sources on capital costs include vendor budget quotations, historical data, similar projects, and factors.
Assumptions: The estimate uses imperial units for mining, site infrastructure, and Concentrate Plant inputs (metric for downstream of the Concentrate Plant); assumes the mining mobile fleet is leased and all mechanical/process equipment is purchased new; bases equipment costs on information and test work available at the time of study; assumes local sourcing of earthworks materials (fill, sand, gravel, crushed rock) and year-round constructability; and notes that totals may vary slightly due to rounding.
Table 5: Project All-in Operating Costs
| Project area | LOM Total | Remaining Concentrate | NFG Micronized | PMG | CSPG | ||||||
| ($K) | ($/t Concentrate) | ($/t Micronized NFG) | ($/t Saleable PMG) | ($/t Saleable CSPG) | |||||||
| Open Pit | Kilbourne Pit Mining | 183,832 | 378 | 389 | 414 | 563 | |||||
| Site infrastructure | G&A | 47,077 | 97 | 100 | 106 | 144 | |||||
| TMF | 11,178 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 34 | ||||||
| Concentrate and Micronization Plants | Concentrate Plant | 239,677 | 492 | 508 | 539 | 734 | |||||
| Micronization Plant | 75,647 | - | 176 | 186 | 228 | ||||||
| Purification and CSPG Plants | Transport | 21,694 | - | - | 80 | 108 | |||||
| Purification Plant | 107,222 | - | - | 883 | - | ||||||
| CSPG Plant | 199,610 | - | - | - | 1,801 | ||||||
| Operating Costs | 885,936 | 990 | 1,197 | 2,233 | 3,612 | ||||||
Assumptions: The operating cost estimate assumes a diesel price of $0.79/litre (with DEF at 3%), electricity at $0.07/kWh, and natural gas at $0.02/Nm3; mine operations staffed by two crews working two shifts per day, five days per week; and continuous operation of the Concentrate, Micronization, and Purification plants (including CSPG) with four shifts. No expatriates are assumed for key positions, and workforce rates (salaried and hourly) provided by Titan include bonuses, overtime, and full employment burden (e.g., benefits and insurance).
Table 6: Kilbourne Graphite Mineral Resource summary and in situ metal within pit shell
| Classification | Deposit | Cut-off Grade (% Cg) | Tonnage ('000 Ton) | Grade (% Cg) | Contained Graphite ('000 Ton) |
| Inferred | Kilbourne | 1.50 | 22,423 | 2.91 | 653 |
Use of Proceeds from Expanded EXIM MMIA Support
The additional $5.5 million approved by EXIM under its MMIA initiative will fund critical-path activities to accelerate the Kilbourne Project, including:
- Resource Drilling – to grow the mineral resource base and improve confidence in the existing Inferred Mineral Resource. Metallurgical & Product Qualification Work – to refine flowsheets and qualify multiple downstream product categories, including micronized and purified graphite grades for battery, industrial, and defense applications. Engineering, Permitting and Site Management Plans – to advance feasibility-level design, de-risk construction, and align project development with U.S. federal procurement and permitting requirements.
This funding is non-dilutive to Titan shareholders and is on the same terms as previously announced MMIA support.
Technical Disclosure
The Preliminary Economic Assessment was prepared by Donald R. Taylor, MSc, PG; Todd McCracken, P. Geo.; Bahareh Asi, P. Eng., David Willock, P. Eng.; Deepak Malhotra, SME Registered Member; Oliver Peters, MSc, P.Eng.; Derick de Wit, FAusIMM; and Steven M. Trader, PG, CPG, each of whom is a“Qualified Person” as defined by NI 43-101. All are independent of Titan, other than Mr. Donald Taylor, who is on Titan's board of directors. The effective date of the Preliminary Economic Assessment is December 1, 2025, and an NI 43-101 technical report in respect of the Preliminary Economic Assessment will be filed on the Company's SEDAR+ profile at and on Titan's website within 45 days. The scientific and technical information contained herein has been reviewed and approved by the aforementioned Qualified Persons.
Quality Assurance, Quality Control and Data Verification
Core drilling was completed using ESM owned and operated drills which produced AWJ (1.374 in) size drill core. All core was logged by ESM employees. The core was washed, logged, photographed, and sampled. All core samples were cut in half, lengthwise, using a diamond saw with a diamond-impregnated blade and sampled on 5 ft intervals with adjustments made to match geological contacts. After a sample is cut, one half of the core was returned to the original core box for reference and long-term storage. The second half was placed in a plastic or cloth sample bag, labeled with the corresponding sample identification number, along with a sample tag. All sample bags were secured with staples or a draw string, weighed and packed in shipping boxes. Shipping boxes are placed onto pallets and shipped by freight to SGS Lakefield laboratory in Lakefield, ON, Canada for sample preparation and graphitic carbon analysis. Pulps are forwarded to SGS Burnaby laboratory in Burnaby, BC, Canada for multi-element analysis. SGS Lakefield is a Canadian accredited laboratory (ISO/IEC 17025) and independent of ESM. SGS Lakefield prepares the pulps and analyzes each sample for graphitic carbon (Cg-CSA06V) with a detection limit of >0.01%. Pulps are shipped to SGS Burnaby for multi-element analysis by aqua regia digestion (GE-ICP21B20 for 34 elements) with an ICP – OES finish. All samples in which silver, calcium, manganese, iron, zinc and sulfur exceed their upper limit are re-run using methods of aqua regia digestion (Fe-ICP21B100), four acid digestion (Ag, Ca, Zn, and Mn-ICP42Q100) and infrared combustion (S-CSA06V) with the elements reported in percentage (%). Standards and blanks are inserted during the logging process. The assays for QA/QC samples are reviewed as certificates are received from the laboratory. Failures are identified on a batch basis and followed up as required. The scientific and technical information disclosed herein has been verified by Todd McCracken of BBA USA Inc., using data validation and quality assurance procedures under high industry standards. The verification activities included a search for factual errors, completeness of the lithological and assay data, and suitability of the primary data. As part of the database verification activities, the assay information and certificates obtained directly from the analytical laboratory have been examined as well. Mr. McCracken has not identified any legal, political, environmental, or other risks that could materially affect the potential development of the mineral resources disclosed herein.
About Titan Mining Corporation
Titan is an Augusta Group company which produces zinc concentrate at its 100%-owned Empire State Mine located in New York state. Titan is also an emerging natural flake graphite producer and targeting to be the USA's first end to end producer of natural flake graphite in 70 years. Titan's goal is to deliver shareholder value through operational excellence, development and exploration. We have a strong commitment towards developing critical minerals assets which enhance the security of the domestic supply chain. For more information on the Company, please visit our website at
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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Information
Certain statements and information contained in this new release constitute "forward-looking statements", and "forward-looking information" within the meaning of applicable securities laws (collectively, "forward-looking statements"). These statements appear in a number of places in this news release and include statements regarding our intent, or the beliefs or current expectations of our officers and directors, including PEA results (including NPV, IRR and pay-back period, margins, and EBITDA); potential amounts of graphite production; specifications of the Kilbourne project; future EXIM lending; use of proceeds from EXIM lending; initial construction capital; future ESM cashflow; graphite outputs; exploration potential; near term production pathway; qualification sales production commencing in Q4 2025 with customer qualifications commencing Q1 2026; the demonstration facility significantly de-risks the Kilbourne Project, accelerates time-to-market, and provides early validation of Titan's downstream processing strategy; Feasibility Study in 2026 with targeted start of construction in 2027; Project expected to create approximately 160 additional permanent positions, establishing a total workforce of over 300 employees across ESM operations in upstate New York, while generating tax revenue and local economic benefits for St. Lawrence County and New York State; ongoing production from the Empire State Mine provides cash flow stability, with production expected to grow incrementally; exploration potential across Titan's land package and operational synergies with the Kilbourne Project further enhance value and reduce execution risk; Titan is poised to be able to supply nearly half of the nation's natural graphite demand through a fully integrated operation in New York State; we are building a U.S.-anchored critical minerals platform with clear, long-term growth; Titan will advance the project to feasibility, supported by additional drilling, expanded metallurgical testing, site-specific engineering, and environmental permitting programs. Pilot-scale purification and downstream test work will generate product samples to secure offtake agreements, further de-risking commercialization and positioning Kilbourne as a cornerstone of U.S. graphite supply; operational parameters of the Kilbourne Project Study; economic highlights of the Kilbourne Project Study; commodity input pricing; Initial, expansion and sustaining capital costs; Project All-in Operating Costs. When used in this news release words such as“to be”, "will", "planned", "expected", "potential", and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements and/or information are reasonable, undue reliance should not be placed on forward-looking statements since the Company can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results or events to vary materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements, including risks relating to cost increases for capital and operating costs; risks of shortages and fluctuating costs of equipment or supplies; risks relating to fluctuations in the price of zinc and graphite; the inherently hazardous nature of mining-related activities; potential effects on our operations of environmental regulations in New York State; risks due to legal proceedings; and risks related to operation of mining projects generally and the risks, uncertainties and other factors identified in the Company's periodic filings with Canadian securities regulators. Such forward-looking statements are based on various assumptions, including assumptions made with regard to our forecasts and expected cash flows; our projected capital and operating costs; our expectations regarding mining and metallurgical recoveries; mine life and production rates; that laws or regulations impacting mining activities will remain consistent; our approved business plans; our mineral resource estimates and results of the PEA; our experience with regulators; political and social support of the mining industry in New York State; our experience and knowledge of the New York State mining industry and our expectations of economic conditions and the price of zinc and graphite; demand for graphite; exploration results; the ability to secure adequate financing (as needed); the Company maintaining its current strategy and objectives; and the Company's ability to achieve its growth objectives. While the Company considers these assumptions to be reasonable, based on information currently available, they may prove to be incorrect. Except as required by applicable law, we assume no obligation to update or to publicly announce the results of any change to any forward-looking statement contained herein to reflect actual results, future events or developments, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting the forward-looking statements. If we update any one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. You should not place undue importance on forward-looking statements and should not rely upon these statements as of any other date. All forward-looking statements contained in this news release are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.

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