Study Reveals Silent Malaria Infections Can Impair Immune System

(MENAFN) A groundbreaking study led by Australia has challenged long-standing assumptions about asymptomatic malaria, revealing that "silent" infections can severely impair immune function.

The research, focused on Plasmodium vivax, the most prevalent malaria parasite, underscores its critical role as a major obstacle to global malaria eradication efforts. The findings were made public in a statement issued Monday by Monash University in Australia.

For years, individuals living in malaria-prone areas have carried the parasite without exhibiting symptoms, with many experts believing that these silent infections could offer a protective benefit by helping to maintain immunity. However, the new study, published in the journal Molecular Systems Biology by the European Molecular Biology Organization, reveals that these sub-clinical infections may, in fact, be detrimental to immune health.

Using a systems immunology approach, the researchers analyzed blood samples from individuals with both symptomatic and asymptomatic P. vivax infections. The results were striking: both groups displayed signs of immune dysfunction, particularly in monocytes—cells integral to the body's defense against infection.

In cases of symptomatic malaria, monocyte-related genes were notably suppressed, and vital immune cells were depleted. Surprisingly, even individuals with asymptomatic malaria exhibited disruptions in gene activity related to monocyte function and inflammation.

The study also revealed heightened activity in anti-inflammatory pathways and immune checkpoint receptors, suggesting that the immune system is actively suppressed during P. vivax infections.

Diana Hansen, co-head of Monash University's Infection Discovery Program, emphasized that asymptomatic malaria is much more dangerous than previously thought. It can suppress vital immune functions, which may impair the body’s ability to eliminate the parasite, combat other infections, or respond effectively to vaccines.

This research not only advances our understanding of malaria’s impact on the immune system but also raises critical questions about current public health strategies in endemic areas. The study advocates for widespread screening and treatment to curb malaria transmission and mitigate its immunosuppressive effects.

MENAFN08092025000045017169ID1110029669