The reality is immediate. State‐sponsored actors and criminal enterprises are already operating on a“Store Now, Decrypt Later” calculus. They are harvesting encrypted intellectual property, sensitive customer contracts and national security data today, knowing that quantum computing will soon turn cipher‐text into plain‐text.

The breach has already occurred. The damage is only deferred. The solution is not optional, and the window for proactive action is closing. Post‐Quantum Cryptography standards, guided by organizations such as NIST, are emerging.

Migration is not a patch update. It requires a full inventory, ring‐fenced budget and board‐level ownership. This is not a task for IT departments alone. It is a fiduciary duty.

Regulators from the SEC to EU Cyber Directives, NIS2 mandates and Basel Committee oversight will soon consider failure to address quantum‐vulnerable systems a clear case of negligence.

The defense of“wait and see” will not be accepted when market‐sensitive information, customer data and financial systems are compromised. Liability will fall directly at the board level. Boards must adopt three non‐negotiable imperatives:

1. Cryptographic Discovery and Risk Quantification: Mandate a full inventory to identify and classify all cryptographic dependencies. This includes VPN certificates, digital signatures and encrypted data stores. Systems protecting data with a lifetime of ten years or more require immediate remediation.

2. Budgetary and Timeline Mandate: Allocate ring‐fenced budget and fixed timelines for Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) adoption. Prioritize systems that protect the highest‐value assets and those with external dependencies. Ensure a phased transition across enterprise architecture.

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3. Governance and Enterprise Risk Management Integration: Integrate quantum risk into the ERM framework. Elevate the threat from a technical burden to a survival‐critical agenda item managed by the Risk or Audit Committee. Oversight must be systemic, not anecdotal. History shows that delay magnifies impact.

Y2K was neutralized because boards treated it as a governance crisis, not a coding exercise. TLS/SSL deprecation forced emergency upgrades across the financial sector. GDPR reshaped compliance overnight.

Quantum risk demands the same decisive discipline, but with far less margin for error given the silent, ongoing threat of data harvesting. Quantum risk is not a technical horizon. It is a governance deadline. Boards that act now will define resilience. Boards that delay will not survive.

Brian Couzens is the founder & CEO of SITG Consulting.

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