
Avis Budget Group Reports Full Year Record Revenues, Net Income And Adjusted EBITDA
Table 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
Avis Budget Group, Inc. SUMMARY DATA SHEET (In millions, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||
2022 | 2021 | % Change | 2022 | 2021 | % Change | ||||||||||||||
Income Statement and Other Items | |||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 2,771 | $ | 2,569 | 8 | % | $ | 11,994 | $ | 9,313 | 29 | % | |||||||
Income before income taxes | 516 | 543 | (5 | )% | 3,636 | 1,708 | 113 | % | |||||||||||
Net income | 424 | 381 | 11 | % | 2,756 | 1,283 | 115 | % | |||||||||||
Earnings per share - diluted | 10.10 | 6.63 | 52 | % | 57.16 | 19.44 | 194 | % | |||||||||||
Adjusted Earnings Measures (non-GAAP) (A) | |||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 658 | $ | 683 | (4 | )% | $ | 4,133 | $ | 2,411 | 71 | % | |||||||
Adjusted pretax income | 536 | 578 | (7 | )% | 3,691 | 1,980 | 86 | % | |||||||||||
Adjusted net income | 438 | 408 | 7 | % | 2,807 | 1,486 | 89 | % | |||||||||||
Adjusted earnings per share - diluted | 10.46 | 7.08 | 48 | % | 58.05 | 22.49 | 158 | % | |||||||||||
As of | |||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Items | |||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 570 | $ | 534 | |||||||||||||||
Vehicles, net | 15,961 | 12,866 | |||||||||||||||||
Debt under vehicle programs | 13,809 | 11,390 | |||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt | 4,671 | 4,009 | |||||||||||||||||
Stockholders' equity attributable to Avis Budget Group, Inc. | (703 | ) | (220 | ) |
Segment Results | |||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2022 | 2021 | % Change | 2022 | 2021 | % Change | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||
Americas | $ | 2,204 | $ | 2,100 | 5 | % | $ | 9,474 | $ | 7,557 | 25 | % | |||||||||
International | 567 | 469 | 21 | % | 2,520 | 1,756 | 44 | % | |||||||||||||
Corporate and Other | - | - | n/m | - | - | n/m | |||||||||||||||
Total Company | $ | 2,771 | $ | 2,569 | 8 | % | $ | 11,994 | $ | 9,313 | 29 | % | |||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA | |||||||||||||||||||||
Americas | $ | 624 | $ | 670 | (7 | )% | $ | 3,660 | $ | 2,364 | 55 | % | |||||||||
International | 63 | 32 | 97 | % | 560 | 118 | 375 | % | |||||||||||||
Corporate and Other | (29 | ) | (19 | ) | 53 | % | (87 | ) | (71 | ) | 23 | % | |||||||||
Total Company | $ | 658 | $ | 683 | (4 | )% | $ | 4,133 | $ | 2,411 | 71 | % |
_______ | |
n/m | Not meaningful. |
(A) | See Table 5 for reconciliations of non-GAAP measures and Appendix I for definitions. |
Table 2 | ||||||||||||||
Avis Budget Group, Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In millions, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 2,771 | $ | 2,569 | $ | 11,994 | $ | 9,313 | ||||||
Expenses | ||||||||||||||
Operating | 1,325 | 1,166 | 5,285 | 4,255 | ||||||||||
Vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net | 349 | 328 | 828 | 1,197 | ||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative | 322 | 308 | 1,348 | 1,145 | ||||||||||
Vehicle interest, net | 121 | 81 | 402 | 313 | ||||||||||
Non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization | 57 | 73 | 225 | 272 | ||||||||||
Interest expense related to corporate debt, net: | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 69 | 51 | 250 | 218 | ||||||||||
Early extinguishment of debt | - | - | - | 136 | ||||||||||
Restructuring and other related charges | 3 | 17 | 19 | 64 | ||||||||||
Transaction-related costs, net | 7 | 2 | 8 | 5 | ||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net | 2 | - | (7 | ) | - | |||||||||
Total expenses | 2,255 | 2,026 | 8,358 | 7,605 | ||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 516 | 543 | 3,636 | 1,708 | ||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 92 | 162 | 880 | 425 | ||||||||||
Net income | 424 | 381 | 2,756 | 1,283 | ||||||||||
Less: income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | 1 | (1 | ) | (8 | ) | (2 | ) | |||||||
Net income attributable to Avis Budget Group, Inc. | $ | 423 | $ | 382 | $ | 2,764 | $ | 1,285 | ||||||
Earnings per share | ||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 10.32 | $ | 6.78 | $ | 58.41 | $ | 19.79 | ||||||
Diluted | $ | 10.10 | $ | 6.63 | $ | 57.16 | $ | 19.44 | ||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||
Basic | 41.0 | 56.4 | 47.3 | 64.9 | ||||||||||
Diluted | 41.9 | 57.7 | 48.4 | 66.1 |
Table 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Avis Budget Group, Inc. KEY METRICS SUMMARY | ||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
2022 | 2021 | % Change | 2022 | 2021 | % Change | |||||||||||||||
Americas | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rental Days (000's) | 29,226 | 27,996 | 4% | 121,917 | 99,763 | 22% | ||||||||||||||
Revenue per Day, excluding exchange rate effects (A) | $ | 75.64 | $ | 75.02 | 1% | $ | 77.85 | $ | 75.75 | 3% | ||||||||||
Average Rental Fleet | 467,331 | 435,403 | 7% | 479,672 | 385,610 | 24% | ||||||||||||||
Vehicle Utilization | 68.0 | % | 69.9 | % | (1.9) pps | 69.6 | % | 70.9 | % | (1.3) pps | ||||||||||
Per-Unit Fleet Costs per Month, excluding exchange rate effects (A) | $ | 176 | $ | 170 | 4% | $ | 72 | $ | 184 | (61)% | ||||||||||
International | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rental Days (000's) | 10,680 | 9,251 | 15% | 43,100 | 34,931 | 23% | ||||||||||||||
Revenue per Day, excluding exchange rate effects (A) | $ | 59.89 | $ | 50.69 | 18% | $ | 65.65 | $ | 50.27 | 31% | ||||||||||
Average Rental Fleet | 180,297 | 157,883 | 14% | 174,708 | 143,300 | 22% | ||||||||||||||
Vehicle Utilization | 64.4 | % | 63.7 | % | 0.7 pps | 67.6 | % | 66.8 | % | 0.8 pps | ||||||||||
Per-Unit Fleet Costs per Month, excluding exchange rate effects (A) | $ | 215 | $ | 225 | (4)% | $ | 221 | $ | 201 | 10% | ||||||||||
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rental Days (000's) | 39,906 | 37,247 | 7% | 165,017 | 134,694 | 23% | ||||||||||||||
Revenue per Day, excluding exchange rate effects (A) | $ | 71.43 | $ | 68.97 | 4% | $ | 74.67 | $ | 69.14 | 8% | ||||||||||
Average Rental Fleet | 647,628 | 593,286 | 9% | 654,380 | 528,910 | 24% | ||||||||||||||
Vehicle Utilization | 67.0 | % | 68.2 | % | (1.2) pps | 69.1 | % | 69.8 | % | (0.7) pps | ||||||||||
Per-Unit Fleet Costs per Month, excluding exchange rate effects (A) | $ | 187 | $ | 185 | 1% | $ | 112 | $ | 189 | (41)% | ||||||||||
_______ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Refer to Table 6 for key metrics calculations and Appendix I for key metrics definitions. | ||||||||||||||||||||
(A) The following metrics include changes in currency exchange rates: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
2022 | 2021 | % Change | 2022 | 2021 | % Change | |||||||||||||||
Americas | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue per Day | $ | 75.40 | $ | 75.02 | 1% | $ | 77.71 | $ | 75.75 | 3% | ||||||||||
Per-Unit Fleet Costs per Month | $ | 175 | $ | 170 | 3% | $ | 72 | $ | 184 | (61)% | ||||||||||
International | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue per Day | $ | 53.20 | $ | 50.69 | 5% | $ | 58.48 | $ | 50.27 | 16% | ||||||||||
Per-Unit Fleet Costs per Month | $ | 192 | $ | 225 | (15)% | $ | 198 | $ | 201 | (1)% | ||||||||||
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue per Day | $ | 69.46 | $ | 68.97 | 1% | $ | 72.68 | $ | 69.14 | 5% | ||||||||||
Per-Unit Fleet Costs per Month | $ | 180 | $ | 185 | (3)% | $ | 105 | $ | 189 | (44)% |
Table 4 | |||
Avis Budget Group, Inc. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULES OF CASH FLOWS AND ADJUSTED FREE CASH FLOWS (In millions) | |||
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF CASH FLOWS | Year Ended December 31, 2022 | ||
Operating Activities | |||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 4,707 | |
Investing Activities | |||
Net cash used in investing activities exclusive of vehicle programs | (280 | ) | |
Net cash used in investing activities of vehicle programs | (4,019 | ) | |
Net cash used in investing activities | (4,299 | ) | |
Financing Activities | |||
Net cash used in financing activities exclusive of vehicle programs | (2,592 | ) | |
Net cash provided by financing activities of vehicle programs | 2,232 | ||
Net cash used in financing activities | (360 | ) | |
Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash | (32 | ) | |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash | 16 | ||
Cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash, beginning of period (A) | 626 | ||
Cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash, end of period (B) | $ | 642 |
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF ADJUSTED FREE CASH FLOWS (C) | Year Ended December 31, 2022 | ||
Income before income taxes | $ | 3,636 | |
Add-back of non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization (D) | 235 | ||
Add-back of restructuring and other related costs | 19 | ||
Add-back of transaction-related costs, net | 8 | ||
Add-back of other (income) expense, net | (7 | ) | |
Add-back of COVID-19 charges, net | (9 | ) | |
Add-back of unprecedented personal-injury and other legal matters, net | 1 | ||
Working capital and other | 148 | ||
Capital expenditures (E) | (304 | ) | |
Tax payments, net of refunds | (192 | ) | |
Vehicle programs and related (F) | (810 | ) | |
Adjusted free cash flow | $ | 2,725 | |
Acquisition and related payments, net of acquired cash | (3 | ) | |
Borrowings, net of debt repayments | 704 | ||
Repurchases of common stock | (3,329 | ) | |
Change in program and restricted cash | (16 | ) | |
Other receipts (payments), net | (13 | ) | |
Foreign exchange effects, financing costs and other | (52 | ) | |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash (per above) | $ | 16 |
Reconciliation of Net cash provided by operating activities to Adjusted free cash flow: | Year Ended December 31, 2022 | ||
Net cash provided by operating activities (per above) | $ | 4,707 | |
Investing activities of vehicle programs | (4,019 | ) | |
Financing activities of vehicle programs | 2,232 | ||
Capital expenditures | (246 | ) | |
Proceeds received on sale of assets and nonmarketable equity securities | 2 | ||
Acquisition and disposition-related payments | 20 | ||
Change in program and restricted cash | 16 | ||
Other receipts (payments), net | 13 | ||
Adjusted free cash flow (per above) | $ | 2,725 |
_______ | |
(A) | Consists of cash and cash equivalents, program cash and restricted cash of $534 million, $89 million and $3 million, respectively. |
(B) | Consists of cash and cash equivalents, program cash and restricted cash of $570 million, $70 million and $2 million, respectively. |
(C) | See Appendix I for the definition of Adjusted free cash flow. |
(D) | Includes $10 million of cloud computing costs. |
(E) | Includes $58 million of cloud computing implementation costs. |
(F) | Includes vehicle-backed borrowings (repayments) that are incremental to amounts required to fund incremental (reduced) vehicle and vehicle-related assets. Also includes $17 million of vehicles sold in the divestiture of our operations in the United States Virgin Islands and the Netherlands. |
Table 5
Avis Budget Group, Inc.
DEFINITIONS AND RECONCILIATIONS OF NON-GAAP MEASURES
(In millions, except per share data)
The accompanying press release includes certain non-GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) financial measures as defined under SEC rules. To the extent not provided in the press release or accompanying tables, we have provided the reasons we present these non-GAAP financial measures and a description of what they represent in Appendix I. For each non-GAAP financial measure a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP financial measure is calculated and presented below with reconciliations of net income (loss), income (loss) before income taxes and diluted earnings (loss) per share to Adjusted EBITDA and our Adjusted earnings measures.
Three Months Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of Net income to Adjusted EBITDA: | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 424 | $ | 381 | $ | 2,756 | $ | 1,283 | |||||||
Add: | Provision for income taxes | 92 | 162 | 880 | 425 | ||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 516 | 543 | 3,636 | 1,708 | |||||||||||
Add certain items: | |||||||||||||||
Acquisition-related amortization expense | 8 | 21 | 43 | 66 | |||||||||||
Restructuring and other related charges | 3 | 17 | 19 | 64 | |||||||||||
Transaction-related costs, net | 7 | 2 | 8 | 5 | |||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net | 2 | - | (7 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Early extinguishment of debt | - | - | - | 136 | |||||||||||
COVID-19 charges, net (A) | - | (14 | ) | (9 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||||||
Unprecedented personal-injury and other legal matters, net (B) | - | 9 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||
Adjusted pretax income | 536 | 578 | 3,691 | 1,980 | |||||||||||
Add: | Non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization (excluding acquisition-related amortization expense) (C) | 53 | 54 | 192 | 213 | ||||||||||
Interest expense related to corporate debt, net (excluding early extinguishment of debt) | 69 | 51 | 250 | 218 | |||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 658 | $ | 683 | $ | 4,133 | $ | 2,411 | |||||||
Reconciliation of Net income attributable to Avis Budget Group, Inc. to Adjusted net income: | |||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Avis Budget Group, Inc. | $ | 423 | $ | 382 | $ | 2,764 | $ | 1,285 | |||||||
Add certain items, net of tax: | |||||||||||||||
Acquisition-related amortization expense | 7 | 17 | 32 | 50 | |||||||||||
Restructuring and other related charges | 2 | 12 | 16 | 47 | |||||||||||
Transaction-related costs, net | 4 | 1 | 5 | 3 | |||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net | 2 | - | (5 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Early extinguishment of debt | - | - | - | 101 | |||||||||||
COVID-19 charges, net | - | (10 | ) | (6 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||||||
Unprecedented personal-injury and other legal matters, net | - | 6 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||
Adjusted net income | $ | 438 | $ | 408 | $ | 2,807 | $ | 1,486 | |||||||
Earnings per share - diluted | $ | 10.10 | $ | 6.63 | $ | 57.16 | $ | 19.44 | |||||||
Adjusted diluted earnings per share | $ | 10.46 | $ | 7.08 | $ | 58.05 | $ | 22.49 | |||||||
Shares used to calculate Adjusted diluted earnings per share | 41.9 | 57.7 | 48.4 | 66.1 |
_______ | |||||||||||||||
(A) | The following table presents the unusual, direct and incremental costs due to the COVID-19 pandemic: | ||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
Minimum annual guaranteed rent in excess of concession fees, net | $ | - | $ | (14 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | ||||
Vehicles damaged in overflow parking lots, net of insurance proceeds | - | - | - | (7 | ) | ||||||||||
Other charges | - | - | - | 7 | |||||||||||
Operating expenses | - | (14 | ) | (9 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | - | - | - | 1 | |||||||||||
COVID-19 charges, net | $ | - | $ | (14 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | ||||
(B) | Reported within operating expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. | ||||||||||||||
(C) | Operating expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations related to cloud computing costs totaling $4 million and $2 million in fourth quarter 2022 and 2021, respectively and totaling $10 million and $7 million in the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. |
Table 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Avis Budget Group, Inc. KEY METRICS CALCULATIONS ($ in millions, except as noted) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended December 31, 2022 | Three Months Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Americas | International | Total | Americas | International | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Revenue per Day (RPD) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 2,204 | $ | 567 | $ | 2,771 | $ | 2,100 | $ | 469 | $ | 2,569 | |||||||||||
Currency exchange rate effects | 7 | 73 | 80 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
Revenue excluding exchange rate effects | 2,211 | 640 | 2,851 | 2,100 | 469 | 2,569 | |||||||||||||||||
Rental days (000's) | 29,226 | 10,680 | 39,906 | 27,996 | 9,251 | 37,247 | |||||||||||||||||
RPD excluding exchange rate effects (in $'s) | $ | 75.64 | $ | 59.89 | $ | 71.43 | $ | 75.02 | $ | 50.69 | $ | 68.97 | |||||||||||
Vehicle Utilization | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Rental days (000's) | 29,226 | 10,680 | 39,906 | 27,996 | 9,251 | 37,247 | |||||||||||||||||
Average rental fleet | 467,331 | 180,297 | 647,628 | 435,403 | 157,883 | 593,286 | |||||||||||||||||
Number of days in period | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | |||||||||||||||||
Available rental days (000's) | 42,995 | 16,587 | 59,582 | 40,057 | 14,525 | 54,582 | |||||||||||||||||
Vehicle utilization | 68.0 | % | 64.4 | % | 67.0 | % | 69.9 | % | 63.7 | % | 68.2 | % | |||||||||||
Per-Unit Fleet Costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net | $ | 245 | $ | 104 | $ | 349 | $ | 222 | $ | 106 | $ | 328 | |||||||||||
Currency exchange rate effects | 2 | 12 | 14 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
$ | 247 | $ | 116 | $ | 363 | $ | 222 | $ | 106 | $ | 328 | ||||||||||||
Average rental fleet | 467,331 | 180,297 | 647,628 | 435,403 | 157,883 | 593,286 | |||||||||||||||||
Per-unit fleet costs (in $'s) | $ | 528 | $ | 646 | $ | 560 | $ | 510 | $ | 674 | $ | 554 | |||||||||||
Number of months in period | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
Per-unit fleet costs per month excluding exchange rate effects (in $'s) | $ | 176 | $ | 215 | $ | 187 | $ | 170 | $ | 225 | $ | 185 |
Year Ended December 31, 2022 | Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Americas | International | Total | Americas | International | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Revenue per Day (RPD) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 9,474 | $ | 2,520 | $ | 11,994 | $ | 7,557 | $ | 1,756 | $ | 9,313 | |||||||||||
Currency exchange rate effects | 17 | 310 | 327 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
Revenue excluding exchange rate effects | 9,491 | 2,830 | 12,321 | 7,557 | 1,756 | 9,313 | |||||||||||||||||
Rental days (000's) | 121,917 | 43,100 | 165,017 | 99,763 | 34,931 | 134,694 | |||||||||||||||||
RPD excluding exchange rate effects (in $'s) | $ | 77.85 | $ | 65.65 | $ | 74.67 | $ | 75.75 | $ | 50.27 | $ | 69.14 | |||||||||||
Vehicle Utilization | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Rental days (000's) | 121,917 | 43,100 | 165,017 | 99,763 | 34,931 | 134,694 | |||||||||||||||||
Average rental fleet | 479,672 | 174,708 | 654,380 | 385,610 | 143,300 | 528,910 | |||||||||||||||||
Number of days in period | 365 | 365 | 365 | 365 | 365 | 365 | |||||||||||||||||
Available rental days (000's) | 175,081 | 63,768 | 238,849 | 140,748 | 52,304 | 193,052 | |||||||||||||||||
Vehicle utilization | 69.6 | % | 67.6 | % | 69.1 | % | 70.9 | % | 66.8 | % | 69.8 | % | |||||||||||
Per-Unit Fleet Costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net | $ | 413 | $ | 415 | $ | 828 | $ | 851 | $ | 346 | $ | 1,197 | |||||||||||
Currency exchange rate effects | 4 | 49 | 53 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
$ | 417 | $ | 464 | $ | 881 | $ | 851 | $ | 346 | $ | 1,197 | ||||||||||||
Average rental fleet | 479,672 | 174,708 | 654,380 | 385,610 | 143,300 | 528,910 | |||||||||||||||||
Per-unit fleet costs (in $'s) | $ | 868 | $ | 2,658 | $ | 1,346 | $ | 2,208 | $ | 2,412 | $ | 2,264 | |||||||||||
Number of months in period | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||
Per-unit fleet costs per month excluding exchange rate effects (in $'s) | $ | 72 | $ | 221 | $ | 112 | $ | 184 | $ | 201 | $ | 189 |
_______ | |||
Our calculation of rental days and revenue per day may not be comparable to the calculation of similarly-titled metrics by other companies. Currency exchange rate effects are calculated by translating the current-year results at the prior-period average exchange rates plus any related gains and losses on currency hedges. | |||
Appendix I
Avis Budget Group, Inc.
DEFINITIONS OF NON-GAAP MEASURES AND KEY METRICS
Adjusted EBITDA
The accompanying press release presents Adjusted EBITDA, which we define as income from continuing operations before non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization; any impairment charges; restructuring and other related charges; early extinguishment of debt costs; non-vehicle related interest; transaction-related costs, net; charges for unprecedented personal-injury and other legal matters, net, which includes amounts recorded in excess of $5 million related to class action lawsuits; non-operational charges related to shareholder activist activity, which includes third party advisory, legal and other professional fees; COVID-19 charges, net; other (income) expense, net; and income taxes. Adjusted EBITDA includes stock-based compensation expense and vehicle related deferred financing fee amortization in the aggregate totaling $13 million and $11 million in fourth quarter 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $49 million and $52 million in the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
We revised our definition of Adjusted EBITDA to exclude other (income) expense, net. We did not revise prior years' Adjusted EBITDA because there were no other charges similar in nature. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful as a supplemental measure in evaluating the performance of our operating businesses and in comparing our results from period to period. We also believe that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors because it allows them to assess our results of operations and financial condition on the same basis that management uses internally. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income or other income statement data prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures used by other companies. A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA from net income (loss) recognized under GAAP is provided on Table 5.
Adjusted Earnings Non-GAAP Measures
The accompanying tables present Adjusted pretax income (loss), Adjusted net income (loss) and Adjusted diluted earnings (loss) per share, which exclude certain items. We believe that these measures referred to above are useful to investors as supplemental measures in evaluating our aggregate performance. We exclude restructuring and other related charges, transaction-related costs, costs related to early extinguishment of debt and certain other items as such items are not representative of the results of operations of our business less a provision for income taxes derived utilizing applicable statutory tax rates for each item. A reconciliation of our Adjusted earnings Non-GAAP measures from the appropriate measures recognized under GAAP is provided on Table 5.
Adjusted Free Cash Flow
Represents Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities adjusted to reflect the cash inflows and outflows relating to capital expenditures, the investing and financing activities of our vehicle programs, asset sales, if any, and to exclude debt extinguishment costs, transaction-related costs, restructuring and other related charges, charges for unprecedented personal-injury and other legal matters, COVID-19 charges, other (income) expense, and non-operational charges related to shareholder activist activity. We believe that Adjusted Free Cash Flow is useful to management and investors in measuring the cash generated that is available to be used to repay debt obligations, repurchase stock, pay dividends and invest in future growth through new business development activities or acquisitions. Adjusted Free Cash Flow should not be construed as a substitute in measuring operating results or liquidity, and our presentation of Adjusted Free Cash Flow may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures used by other companies. A reconciliation of Adjusted Free Cash Flow to the appropriate measure recognized under GAAP is provided on Table 4.
Adjusted EBITDA Margin
Represents Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenues.
Available Rental Days
Defined as Average Rental Fleet times the numbers of days in a given period.
Average Rental Fleet
Represents the average number of vehicles in our fleet during a given period of time.
Currency Exchange Rate Effects
Represents the difference between current-period results as reported and current-period results translated at the prior-period average exchange rates plus any related currency hedges.
Net Corporate Debt
Represents corporate debt minus cash and cash equivalents.
Net Corporate Leverage
Represents Net Corporate Debt divided by Adjusted EBITDA for the twelve months prior to the date of calculation.
Per-Unit Fleet Costs
Represents vehicle depreciation, lease charges and gain or loss on vehicles sales, divided by Average Rental Fleet.
Rental Days
Represents the total number of days (or portion thereof) a vehicle was rented during a 24-hour period.
Revenue per Day
Represents revenues divided by Rental Days.
Vehicle Utilization
Represents Rental Days divided by Available Rental Days.


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