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MENAFN- The Conversation) Hundreds are doing business in illegal settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories, that are effectively subsidised and maintained by the Israeli government. In December, a United Nations' database of businesses that operate in the settlements is .
Israel and the US . On November 26, 'we will do everything we can to ensure that this list does not see the light of day'.
The database is being established under the auspices of the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). This effort has recently been supported by dozens of international and local rights groups, including , the , and . As a regulatory initiative for the (UNGP), the database's aim is to help businesses and states ensure that they do not contribute to or benefit from activities in Israel's settlements.
The UN is due to release the database by the beginning of 2018, after reportedly with as many as , of which 60 are foreign and the rest Israeli.
To protect the legitimacy of the database and shield it from , the UN must clarify its function, and show that it is not a punitive device but a vital resource for furthering business transparency and enabling business and state compliance with their existing obligations under international law.
Human rights compliance
The database began with a recommendation in a 2013 UN fact-finding mission on Israel's settlements, by the Human Rights Council in March 2016.
In Israel's settlements, as the Human Rights Council's March 2017 resolution , 'it is not possible for businesses to take appropriate steps in view of the immitigable nature of the adverse impact of their activities on human rights'. All business transactions in or related to Israel's settlements contribute to the illicit financial flows generated by the wrongful enjoyment of unlawfully appropriated property rights obtained by the Israeli government.
The need to monitor the involvement of foreign and Israeli businesses in Israel's settlements was kindled by UN Security Council , which held that Israel's settlement activity in occupied territory has 'no legal validity and constitutes a flagrant violation under international law,' and called on third states to exclude settlement-based entities and activities from their dealings with Israeli entities.
To date, some 18 European government advisories businesses of the economic, financial, and legal risks of business activities in Israel's settlements. In recent years a host of companies, financial institutions and pension funds, among them a Norwegian government fund, Dutch pension fund, Danish bank and Dutch engineering company to terminate operations in the Palestinian territories.
Engagement, not punishment
The UN database is a mechanism to document, report, and engage primary interested parties. It does not have the mandate to adjudicate the responsibility of concerned parties, nor to act as a coercive tool of law enforcement. Thus, misrepresent it and undermine its legitimacy.
To maximise its effectiveness, the database must be able to engage and cooperate with businesses that operate in the territories and their home states. It cannot afford to alienate its target audiences by operating as an adjudicative or coercive body.
The OHCHR should learn from the pitfalls of previous UN-led efforts to list businesses. Take the UN Center for Transnational Corporations: its mandate to report on businesses in Apartheid-era South Africa because it was presented as a sanction. The UN panel on the plunder of resources in the DRC produced a list of businesses, which was discredited for to gain businesses' cooperation.
There is no doubt that the UN database will be embroiled in political turmoil. It may not be the first of its kind, but it could well become the first to function as a regulatory tool that gains support, and encourages compliance with international law.
To ensure its ability to further respect for international law, the database should be seen as a pilot mechanism that could be used beyond the Israel-Palestine context. And the mechanism behind the database could be readily applied in other where is used to pursue the permanent acquisition or transformation of territory.
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