(MENAFN- The Conversation) In what could be a major blow to the , Transport for London (TfL) has to operate in the UK capital – its market – on the grounds that its approach and conduct 'demonstrate a lack of corporate responsibility' on issues which 'have potential public safety and security implications'.
In its announcement, TfL cited concerns over passenger safety, arising from Uber's failure to monitor the criminal and medical records of its drivers and to conduct related checks. The transport body was also critical of Uber's use of , which prevents officials from monitoring Uber's app, and from undertaking normal regulatory and law enforcement duties.
Yet despite these issues, TfL's announcement provoked an enormous public backlash; had signed a petition protesting the decision within 24 hours, making it Change.org's fastest growing petition in the UK this year. – established by Uber – called on London Mayor Sadiq Khan to reverse the ban, accusing London of being 'closed to innovative companies' that offer choice to consumers and employment opportunities to tens of thousands of Londoners.
The march of progress
The stance of Uber and its supporters reflects a view routinely presented in the media, politics and, indeed, . From this view, technology is seen as a kind of elemental force; one beyond the control of law and policy, and beholden only to the whims of those who develop and sell it. To resist technology is to stand in the way of history and progress.
A variation on this argument holds that while some in society – mostly those with vested interests – might be in a position to frustrate technological advances, the public interest lies in preventing them from doing so. Likewise, as an attempt to protect the interests of black cab drivers at the public's expense, following against the firm by the Licensed Taxi Drivers' Association.
Stopping traffic: black cab drivers protest against Uber in 2016.
The argument goes that capitalism proceeds through waves of 'creative destruction', which should be ushered forward as quickly as possible, not unduly stifled by regulation and red tape. Those who oppose this inexorable march are often denounced as – a term which today describes a person with irrational or small-minded opposition to technological change, .
The Luddites' legacy
Historically, the Luddites were a group of 19th century English textile workers and weavers who destroyed weaving machinery to protest against their adoption by English mills. Conventionally described as 'machine breakers', they were in fact by employers to avoid minimum wage laws and customary rules of industrial trades that were centuries old. The court system refused to enforce these laws to protect the trades, on the grounds that to do so would be inconvenient for factory owners.
The Luddites failed to halt the rise of the factory – indeed, some were for their actions – but their example of resistance to abuse of power left a legacy. Within a few decades, collective bargaining over wages and conditions was being established in the same industrial districts that had witnessed the Luddite risings. In due course, this new mode of regulation led to the development of social legislation and the modern welfare state.
The story of the Luddites suggests an alternative view of technology; one which recognises that technological change occurs in phases. We are currently going through a stage of rapid development, in which it seems that technology is outstripping the capacity of lawmakers and regulators to respond. We often hear that regulators 'can't keep up' .
This refrain is generally at its loudest just before a social or financial crisis occurs, often driven by the adoption of new technology, which brings regulators back into the frame and triggers new laws and modes of governance. The process runs in a cycle, with the law responding to technological and organisational change after a lag, then setting the framework for a further round of innovation. This cyclical process is borne out in the study of systems theory and evolutionary economics, but we are seeing now that these insights are in some ways transferable to the .
Another cycle
TfL's response is a sign that the next phase in this socio-technical cycle is beginning. Technology, such as the Uber app platform, is creating modes of delivery for goods and services which are often on the borderline of legality. Technology companies have been exploiting this uncertainty to entrench their position and defend it forcefully. Now, it seems as though regulators are finally catching up.
Uber will challenge TFL's decision, as it did when a 2016 employment tribunal ruled that drivers were, in fact, employed by Uber, and therefore entitled to . While these cases , Uber will probably continue to operate much as before.
Uber hopes that laws and regulations will eventually normalise in its favour; in other words, if it throws enough lawyers and lobbyists at the problem, then regulators and policy makers might well cave. But this time, TFL hasn't. This may be a one-off. But perhaps change is afoot – Uber , and admit that change is necessary – even as it remains committed to defending its business operation in the capital.
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